考研的小伙伴是否已經(jīng)準備好了這次考試呢，今天小編為大家準備的是考研英語短文以及翻譯,，接下來跟隨小編一起學(xué)習(xí)吧,，希望對考研小伙伴的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。
　　Reading between the lines
　　字里行間尋幸福
　　Books reveal a country’s historical sense of its own well-being
　　書籍揭示了一個國家國民幸福感的歷史變化
　　DO A COUNTRY’S inhabitants get happier as it gets richer? Most governments seem to believe so, given their relentless focus on increasing GDP year by year. Reliable, long-term evidence linking wealth and happiness is, however, lacking. And measuring well-being is itself fraught with problems, since it often relies on surveys that ask participants to assess their own levels of happiness subjectively.
　　一國國民變得更富裕了,，就會更幸福嗎,？大多數(shù)似乎都這么認為，不然它們也不會把重點放在不懈地逐年提高GDP上,。然而,，沒有可靠的長期證據(jù)顯示財富與幸福感之間存在關(guān)聯(lián)。而且衡量幸福感本身就問題重重,，因為它往往依賴讓受訪者主觀評估自己幸福感的調(diào)查,。
　　Daniel Sgroi of the University of Warwick and Eugenio Proto of the University of Glasgow, both in Britain, think, nevertheless, that they have an answer. By examining millions of books and newspaper articles published since 1820 in four countries (America, Britain, Germany and Italy), they have developed what they hope is an objective measure of each place’s historical happiness. And their answer is that wealth does bring happiness, but some other things bring more of it.
　　盡管如此，英國華威大學(xué)的丹尼爾·斯格羅伊（Daniel Sgroi）和格拉斯哥大學(xué)的歐金尼奧·普羅圖（Eugenio Proto）認為他們找到了答案,。二人在研究了自1820年以來在四個國家（美國,、英國、德國和意大利）出版的數(shù)百萬本書籍和報刊文章后,，描繪出了每個國家的幸福感歷史,，他們希望這種衡量方式是客觀的。他們的答案是,，財富確實能帶來幸福感,，但其他一些東西帶來的幸福感更強,。
　　Previous research has shown that people’s underlying levels of happiness are reflected in what they say or write. Dr Sgroi and Dr Proto therefore consulted newspaper archives and Google Books, a collection of more than 8m titles that constitute around 6% of all books physically published. They searched these texts for words that had been assigned a psychological “valence”—a value representing how emotionally positive or negative a word is—while controlling for the changing meanings of words such as “gay” and “awful” (which once most commonly meant “to inspire awe”). The result is the National Valence Index, published earlier this month in Nature Human Behaviour.
　　先前已有研究表明，人們的內(nèi)在幸福感體現(xiàn)在他們所說或所寫的內(nèi)容中,。因此，斯格羅伊和普羅圖查閱了報紙檔案和谷歌圖書（Google Books,，已有超過800萬種圖書,，占所有已出版紙質(zhì)圖書的6%）。他們在其中搜索被賦予了心理“價”（該值表示一個詞在情感上正面或負面的程度）的詞語,，同時把諸如“快樂的”（gay）和“可怕的”（awful,，曾經(jīng)常用的意思是“令人敬畏”）等詞匯在詞義上的變化考慮在內(nèi)。他們得出了國民幸福價指數(shù)（National Valence Index）,，于本月稍早時發(fā)表在《自然人類行為》雜志（Nature Human Behaviour）上,。