很多人在托福寫作中沒有取得好成績,都是因為一些常見的或者不常見的錯誤,,考生們要謹記,,切不可掉以輕心。我為大家收集整理托福寫作考試中常易犯的錯誤,,供大家參考,。
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1,、不一致(Disagreements)
所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數的不一致時態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等,。
例1. When one have money,,he can do what he want to。
(人一旦有了錢,,他就能想干什么就干什么,。) 剖析:one是單數第三人稱,因而本句的have應改為has; 同理,,want應改為wants,。本句是典型的主謂不一致。改為:once one has money,,he can do what he wants (to do)。
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2,、 修飾語錯位(Misplaced Modifiers)
英 語與漢語不同,,同一個修飾語置于句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化,。對于這一點中國學生往往沒有引起足夠的重視,,因而造成了 不必要的誤解。例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus,。
剖析:better位置不當,,應置于句末。
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3,、 句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
在口語中,,交際雙方可借助手勢語氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解,??墒菚嬲Z就不同了,句子結構不完整會令意思表達不清,,這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后,,筆者又想加些補充說明時發(fā)生。
例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV,,radio,,newspaper and so on。
剖析:本句后半部分“for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on”不是一個完整的句子,,僅為一些不連貫的詞語,,不能獨立成句。
改為:There are many ways to know society,,for example,,by TV,,radio,and newspaper,。
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4,、 懸垂修飾語(Dangling Modifiers)
所 謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關系混亂不清。例如:At the age of ten,,my grandfather died. 這句中“at the age of ten” 只點出十歲時,,但沒有說明“ 誰”十歲時。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,, 如果我們把這個懸垂修飾語改明確一點,,全句就不那么費解了。
改為:When I was ten,,my grandfather died,。
例1. To do well in college,good grades are essential,。
剖析:句中不定式短語 “to do well in college” 的邏輯主語不清楚,。
改為:To do well in college, a student needs good grades,。
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5,、詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
“詞性誤用”常表現為:介詞當動詞用;形容詞當副詞用;名詞當動詞用等。
例1. None can negative the importance of money,。
剖析:negative 系形容詞,,誤作動詞。
改為:None can deny the importance of money,。
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6,、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致,。試看下面這一句:
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid,。
(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因為她要她做她的伴娘,。)讀完上面這一句話,,讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結婚,誰將當伴娘,。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對象加以明確,,意思就一目了然了。這個句子可改為:
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid,。
例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself,。
剖析:句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。
改為:We can also know society by serving it ourselves。
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7,、不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?請看下面的例句,。
例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world。
剖析:這個句子包含了兩層完整的意思:“There are many ways,?!?以及“We get to know the outside world?!?。簡單地把它們連在一起就不妥當了。
改為:There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world,。
或:There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world,。
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8、措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction)
Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當地選用詞語的問題,,囿于教學時間緊迫,,教師平時在這方面花的時間往往極其有限,影響了學生在寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲,,斟酌的 習慣,。他們往往隨心所欲,拿來就用,。所以作文中用詞不當的錯誤比比皆是。
例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution,。
(農業(yè)方面化學物質使用的不斷增加也造成了污染,。)剖析:顯然,考生把obstacles“障礙”,,“障礙物”誤作substance“物質”了,。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用)” 應改為“abusive use (濫用)”。
改為:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution,。
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言以簡潔為貴,。寫句子沒有一個多余的詞;寫段落沒有一個無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子,。如:In spite of the fact that he is lazy,,I like him。
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句,,我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”
可以改為:In spite of his laziness,,I like him。
例1. For the people who are diligent and kind,, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need,。
剖析:整個句子可以大大簡化。
改為:Diligent,,caring people use money only to buy what they need,。
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9,、 不連貫(Incoherence)
不連貫是指一個句子前言不對后語,或是結構上不暢通,。這也是考生常犯的毛病,。
例1. The fresh water,it is the most important things of the earth,。
剖析:The fresh water 與逗號后的it 不連貫,。It 與things 在數方面不一致。
改為:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world,。
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以上幾個問題只要注意,,就可以大大減少托福考試寫作中的失誤,,??荚図樌?/p>
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