很多人在托福寫作中沒有取得好成績,都是因為一些常見的或者不常見的錯誤,,考生們要謹(jǐn)記,,切不可掉以輕心。我為大家收集整理托福寫作考試中常易犯的錯誤,,供大家參考,。
?
1、不一致(Disagreements)
所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,,它還包括了數(shù)的不一致時態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等,。
例1. When one have money,he can do what he want to,。
(人一旦有了錢,,他就能想干什么就干什么。) 剖析:one是單數(shù)第三人稱,,因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has; 同理,,want應(yīng)改為wants。本句是典型的主謂不一致。改為:once one has money,,he can do what he wants (to do),。
?
2、 修飾語錯位(Misplaced Modifiers)
英 語與漢語不同,,同一個修飾語置于句子不同的位置,,句子的含義可能引起變化。對于這一點中國學(xué)生往往沒有引起足夠的重視,,因而造成了 不必要的誤解,。例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus。
剖析:better位置不當(dāng),,應(yīng)置于句末,。
?
3、 句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
在口語中,,交際雙方可借助手勢語氣上下文等,,不完整的句子完全可以被理解??墒菚嬲Z就不同了,,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會令意思表達(dá)不清,這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后,,筆者又想加些補充說明時發(fā)生,。
例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV,radio,,newspaper and so on,。
剖析:本句后半部分“for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on”不是一個完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語,,不能獨立成句,。
改為:There are many ways to know society,for example,,by TV,,radio,and newspaper,。
?
4,、 懸垂修飾語(Dangling Modifiers)
所 謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清,。例如:At the age of ten,,my grandfather died. 這句中“at the age of ten” 只點出十歲時,,但沒有說明“ 誰”十歲時。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather,, 如果我們把這個懸垂修飾語改明確一點,,全句就不那么費解了。
改為:When I was ten,my grandfather died,。
例1. To do well in college,good grades are essential,。
剖析:句中不定式短語 “to do well in college” 的邏輯主語不清楚,。
改為:To do well in college, a student needs good grades,。
?
5,、詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為:介詞當(dāng)動詞用;形容詞當(dāng)副詞用;名詞當(dāng)動詞用等。
例1. None can negative the importance of money,。
剖析:negative 系形容詞,,誤作動詞。
改為:None can deny the importance of money,。
?
6,、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清,或者先后所用的代詞不一致,。試看下面這一句:
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid,。
(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因為她要她做她的伴娘,。)讀完上面這一句話,,讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結(jié)婚,誰將當(dāng)伴娘,。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對象加以明確,,意思就一目了然了。這個句子可改為:
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid,。
例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself,。
剖析:句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。
改為:We can also know society by serving it ourselves,。
?
7,、不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?請看下面的例句。
例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world,。
剖析:這個句子包含了兩層完整的意思:“There are many ways,。” 以及“We get to know the outside world,?!薄:唵蔚匕阉鼈冞B在一起就不妥當(dāng)了,。
改為:There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world,。
或:There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world。
?
8、措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction)
Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語的問題,,囿于教學(xué)時間緊迫,,教師平時在這方面花的時間往往極其有限,影響了學(xué)生在寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲,,斟酌的 習(xí)慣,。他們往往隨心所欲,拿來就用,。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤比比皆是,。
例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution。
(農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學(xué)物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染,。)剖析:顯然,,考生把obstacles“障礙”,“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了,。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用)” 應(yīng)改為“abusive use (濫用)”,。
改為:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution。
?
言以簡潔為貴,。寫句子沒有一個多余的詞;寫段落沒有一個無必要的句子,。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如:In spite of the fact that he is lazy,,I like him,。
本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句,我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”
可以改為:In spite of his laziness,,I like him,。
例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need,。
剖析:整個句子可以大大簡化,。
改為:Diligent,caring people use money only to buy what they need,。
?
9,、 不連貫(Incoherence)
不連貫是指一個句子前言不對后語,或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通,。這也是考生常犯的毛病,。
例1. The fresh water,it is the most important things of the earth,。
剖析:The fresh water 與逗號后的it 不連貫,。It 與things 在數(shù)方面不一致。
改為:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world,。
?
以上幾個問題只要注意,,就可以大大減少托??荚噷懽髦械氖д`,??荚図樌?!
?