今天小編給大家?guī)砹诵赂拍钣⒄Z的知識點(diǎn)分享,，希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，祝愿大家生活愉快,，天天開心,。在一條路走得久了，別丟下了自己的電影和夢想,，別忘卻了曾經(jīng)的那份執(zhí)著,。只要還有得發(fā)揮，就不要放棄,。因?yàn)槭虑椴粫娴慕Y(jié)束,，除非你放棄了努力。
　　Matterhorn man
　　馬特霍恩山區(qū)人
　　First listen and then answer the following question.
　　What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?
　　 Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it and never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top!
　　 It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could -- sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed.
　　 WALTER UNSWORTH Matterhorn Man
　　New words and expressions
　　 Matterhorn
　　n. 馬特霍恩峰（阿爾卑斯山之一,，在意大利和瑞士邊境）
　　 alpinist
　　n. 登山運(yùn)動員
　　 pioneer
　　v. 開辟,，倡導(dǎo)；
　　n. 先鋒,，開辟者
　　 summit
　　n. 頂峰
　　 attain
　　v. 到達(dá)
　　 perilous
　　adj. 危險的
　　 shudder
　　v. 不寒而栗
　　 court
　　v. 追求
　　 solitary
　　 impoverish
　　v. 使貧困
　　 Alpine
　　adj. 阿爾卑斯山的
　　 flea-ridden
　　adj. 布滿跳蚤的
　　 coarse
　　adj. 粗劣的
　　 boast
　　v. 自恃有
　　 parishioner
　　n. 教區(qū)居民
　　 shepherd
　　n. 牧羊人
　　 linen
　　n. 亞麻布床單
　　 the Alps
　　n. 阿爾卑斯山脈
　　參考譯文
　　 現(xiàn)代登山運(yùn)動員總想找一條能夠給他們帶來運(yùn)動樂趣的路線來攀登山峰,。他們認(rèn)為， 道路愈艱險愈帶勁兒,。然而,，在登山運(yùn)動的初期，全然不是這種情況,。早期登山者所尋找的是通往山頂?shù)姆奖愕耐緩?，因?yàn)轫敺逄貏e是前人未曾到過的頂峰 -- 才是他們尋求的目標(biāo)。確實(shí),，在探險中他們經(jīng)常遇到驚心動魄的困難和危險,，而他們裝備之簡陋足以使現(xiàn)代登山者一想起來就膽戰(zhàn)心驚。但是,，他們并非故意尋求這種刺激,，他們只有一個目標(biāo)，**的目標(biāo) -- 頂峰,！ 我們今天很難想像昔日的登山先驅(qū)們是多么艱苦,。除了澤曼特和夏蒙尼等一兩個很快出了名的地方外，阿爾卑斯山山區(qū)的小村幾乎全是高山環(huán)抱、與世隔絕的窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤,。那里的小客棧一般都很骯臟,，而且跳蚤猖獗。食物是當(dāng)?shù)氐母衫液屯ǔ４娣帕艘荒曛玫拿姘?，人們就著?a href="http://10dcg.com/issue/130.html" data-type="mip" target="_blank">酒吞下這種食物,。山谷里常常沒有小客棧，登山者只好隨遇而安,。有時同當(dāng)?shù)啬翈?（他通常和他的教民一樣窮）住在一起,，有時同牧羊人或制乳酪的人住在一起。無論住在哪兒,，情況都一樣：骯臟,、貧窮，極其不舒適,。對于過慣了一頓飯吃7道菜、睡亞麻細(xì)布床單的人來說,，變換一下生活環(huán)境來到阿爾卑斯山山區(qū),，那一定是很艱難的。Grammar in use
　　1,、關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系從句
　?。?）在表示時間、地點(diǎn)和原因的關(guān)系從句中,，可以用when,、where和why取代關(guān)系代詞。它們可被用來代替像the time,、the place和the reason這樣的詞,。
　　在使用中，when只能用于表示時間的名詞之后,，where只能用于表示地點(diǎn)的名詞之后,，而why一般只跟在名詞reason之后。
　　例：This is the place where I grew up.
　?。?）可用于非限定性關(guān)系從句中,。在由when、where和why引導(dǎo)的限定性關(guān)系從句中,，可以使用關(guān)系代詞that替代,。
　　例：My success in business,the reason why he dislikes me,has been due to hard work.
　　2、關(guān)系從句的一些重要用法
　?。?）當(dāng)被修飾詞為all,、anything、everything、a few,、the onlyone等,，并用來指物時，其后的關(guān)系代詞通常使用that,，而不是which.但如果這些詞是用來指人時,，其后仍需要使用who.
　　例：All that remains for me to do is to say goodbye.
　　（2）當(dāng)被修飾詞為形容詞高級形式時,，其后的關(guān)系代詞通常使用that,。
　　例：It`s the silliest argument that I`ve ever heard.
　　（3）在非限定性關(guān)系從句中,，可以使用表示數(shù)量的名詞或代詞 of whom/which 結(jié)構(gòu)表示數(shù)量,。
　　例：Both player,neither of whom reached the final,played well。
　?。?）關(guān)系代詞which可以用來指上述的一個句子,，而不僅是一個詞。這種用法常見于非限定性關(guān)系從句中,，此時它通?？梢杂?and this/that 來代替。
　　例：She married Joe,which(=and this/that) surprised everyone.
　　習(xí)題
　　1,、The pioneers had a hard time because ______
　　A. Zermattand Chamonixhadrapidly become popular
　　B.Alpinevillages were primitive
　　C.the mountainswereextremely high
　　D. therewasn`tanything to eat
　　key:B
　　解析：primitive,，原始的，簡單的,，粗糙的
　　2,、Earlier climbers liked summits ______ had never been climbed before.
　　A.which
　　B.which they
　　C. that they
　　D. unless they
　　key: A
　　解析：見本文上一節(jié)《關(guān)系從句的一些重要用法》
　　3、In thepioneeringdays this was not the______ at all.
　　A. condition
　　B.situation
　　C. history
　　D.event
　　key: B
　　解析：situation 情況,；形勢,；處境；位置
　　4,、-allwshed down with _____ wine.
　　A. course
　　B. sour
　　C. rough
　　D. new
　　key: C
　　解析：rough 粗糙的,；粗略的；粗野的,；艱苦的,；