下面小編跟大家一起了解雅思閱讀機經(jīng)-海洋知識分享,，希望對大家的學習有所幫助,。
　　1A
　　A
　　The oceans of Earth cover more than 70 percent of the planets surface, yet, until quite recently, we knew less about their depthsthan we did about the surface of the moon. 地球上的海洋覆蓋了超過70%的地球表面，然而,，直到,，相對于我們對月球表面的了解，我們對海洋的深處仍知之甚少,。 Distant as it is the Moon has been far more accessible to study because astronomers long have been able to look at its surface, first with the naked eye and then with the telescope-both instruments that focus light. 盡管月球距離我們很遠,，但天文學家已經(jīng)能夠看到它的表面,，先是用肉眼觀測，然后是通過望遠鏡——這兩種觀測方式都是通過聚焦光線來實現(xiàn)的,。 And, with telescopes tuned to different wavelengths of light,， modern astronomers cannot only analyze Earth‘s atmosphere， but alsodetermine the temperature and composition of the Sunor other stars many hundreds of light-years away. 并且,，通過望遠鏡調(diào)整不同波長的光,，現(xiàn)代天文學家不僅可以分析地球的大氣層，還可以確定太陽的溫度和成分,，或是其他數(shù)百光年遠的恒星,。 Until the twentieth century， however,， no analogous（類似的） instruments were available for the studyof Earth‘s oceans: Light,， which can travel trillions of miles through the vast vacuumof sPACe， cannot penetrate very far in seawater.然而,，直到二十世紀,，沒有類似的工具可以用來研究地球上的海洋:可以在廣闊的真空中傳播數(shù)億萬英里的光，卻無法穿透到海水的深處
　　B
　　Curious investigators long have been fascinated by sound and the way it travels irwater. As early as 1490, Leonardo Da Vinci observed: "If you cause your ship to stop and place the head of a long tube in the water and place the outer extremity to your ear, you will hear ship sat a great distance from you.
　　好奇的研究者們長期以來著迷于聲音及其在水中傳播的方式,。早在1490年達芬奇就提到:“如果你把船停下,，將長管的一頭放入水中，并將水面外的那段置于耳旁,，你會聽到距離你很遠的船的聲音,。
　　In 1687, the first mathematical theory of sound propagation(傳播) was published by Sir Isaac Newton in his Philosophiae Naturalis principia Mathematica.
　　1687年， Sir isaac newton爵士在他的《自然哲學的數(shù)學原理》一書中,，發(fā)表了一個聲音傳播的數(shù)學理論,。
　　Investigators were measuring the speed of sound in air beginning in the mid-seventeenth century， but it was not until 1826 that Daniel Colladon, a Swiss physicist, and Charles Sturm, a French mathematician, accurately measured its speed in water.
　　17世紀中期,，研究人員們開始測量聲音在空氣中的傳播速度,，但是直到1826年，瑞士物理學家 Daniel colladon和法國數(shù)學家 Charles strum才準確測了出它在水中的傳播速度,。
　　Using a long tube to listen underwater（as Da Vinci had suggested）, they recorded how fast the sound of a submerged bell traveLED across Lake Geneva. Their result-1,435 meters （1,569 yards） per second in water of 1.8 degrees Celsius（35 degrees Fahrenheit）-was only 3 meters per second off from thespeed accepted today.
　　使用長管來聽水下的聲音（像達芬奇曾經(jīng)建議的那樣）,，他們記錄了水下鈴聲穿過日內(nèi)瓦湖的速度。他們的結(jié)果是—一在1.8攝氏度（35華氏度）的水中,，速度是每秒1,，435米（1.569碼）—只比今天所認為的速度差了3秒。
　　What these investigators demonstrated was that water-whether fresh or salt- is an excellent medium （傳播媒介）for sound,， transmitting it almost five times faster than its speed in air
　　研究人員的論證是,，水——無論是淡水或咸水——是聲音的媒介，聲音在水中的傳輸速度幾乎是在空氣中的五倍,。
　　C
　　In 1877 and 1878,， the British scientist John William Strutt,， third Baron Rayleighpublished his two-volume seminal work,， The Theory of Sound,， often regarded as marking the beginning of the modern study of acoustics.